Advancements in exercise science can provide direct methods to measure physical activity levels and associated health risks. Depending on the risk stratification for the population groups being assessed, maximal and submaximal exercise tests provide fairly accurate estimate of METs at different intensities, and based on a number of physiological and biochemical thresholds (ACSM, 2010; Alkhatib, 2010). Since the 1950s, the commonly known “Astrand‟s test” is based on measuring heart rate response at a given exercise cycling workload to estimate the corresponding oxygen uptake, and allows predicting maximal oxygen uptake, which represents maximal cardiorespiratory capacity (Astrand & Ryhming, 1954).
However, technological advances have evolved significantly since then and there are now various portable and stationary devises to assess gas exchange using online gas analysers, heart rate using portable heart rate monitors, blood cholesterol and glucose using portable monitors, and portable body fat analysers based on bioelectrical impedance. All could provide an accurate assessment for a number of CVD related risks associated with sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity.
Results of these assessments can be measured against healthy recommended thresholds or tracked periodically throughout the intervention. Those assessments could be administered individually, or collectively, especially when combined with other qualitative lifestyle tools within the workplace, in order to provide a tailored reduction in the identified CVD risks. Furthermore, employing these techniques may be essential for identifying the health risk prevalence, and also in designing effective intervention programmes within a specific setting such as the workplace.
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